(Self) Critical Pedagogy: Performing Vulnerability to Teach STS in Singapore

  • Monamie Haines

Abstract

As more and more STS positions open in different regions of the world, there is an increased transnational migration of scholars trained in one part of the world working in another. Yet, there is often little guidance for scholars on how to negotiate their positionalities in different cultural, political, and pedagogical expectations. In this essay, I reflect upon my three years at a major Singaporean institution of higher learning, teaching STS and social theory, by discussing how I articulated a fragmented identity and performed vulnerability through my different intersubjective roles—researcher, educator, mother, employer, Indian, American—to model the kind of critical thinking I wished my students to undertake. I focus on negotiating my American political sensibilities in the Singaporean context, when trying to teach race and technology in Singapore.

References

Data Availability

Data published in these article can be accessed in STS Infrastructures at: https://n2t.net/ark:/81416/p4m01t.

References

Anthony, Scott. 2021. “Administrative Empire-Building may have Sealed Yale-NUS’ Fate.” Times Higher Education, September 10, 2021.

https://www.timeshighereducation.com/blog/administrative-empire-building-may-have-sealed-yale-nus-fate.

Asia Research Institute, National University of Singapore (ARI). 2019. “Does ‘Invisible Privilege’ Travel?: Looking Beyond the Geographies of White Privilege.” Conference held at the National University of Singapore, May 2–3, 2019.

https://ari.nus.edu.sg/events/invisible_privilege/.

Bahrawi, Nazri. 2020. “A Vocabulary of Our Own.” AcademiaSG, July 20, 2020.

https://www.academia.sg/academic-views/a-vocabulary-of-our-own/.

Bauder, Harald, Omar Lujan, and Charity-Ann Hannan. 2018. “Internationally Mobile Academics: Hierarchies, Hegemony, and the Geo-Scientific Imagination.” Geoforum 89(February): 52–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2018.01.004.

Benjamin, Ruha. 2019. Race After Technology: Abolitionist Tools for the New Jim Code. New York: Wiley.

Boris, Eileen, and Rhacel S. Parreñas, eds. 2010. Intimate labors: Cultures, Technologies, and the Politics of Care. Stanford: Stanford University Press.

Chakrabarty, Dipesh. 2000. Provincializing Europe: Postcolonial Thought and Historical Difference. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

Chang, Heewon. 2016. Autoethnography as Method. New York: Routledge.

https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315433370.

Channel News Asia. 2020. “More Wastewater Testing Under Way in Singapore to Tackle COVID-19; Pilot Launched at Foreign Worker Dormitories.” Channel News Asia, June 19, 2020. Modified April 16, 2024.

https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/wastewater-testing-singapore-covid-19-migrant-worker-dormitories-654456.

Chen, Kuan-Hsing. 2010. Asia as Method: Toward Deimperialization. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.

Cheung, Helier. 2014. “‘No Indians No PRCs’: Singapore’s Rental Discrimination Problem.” BBC News, May 1, 2014.

https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-26832115.

Choy, Timothy. 2011. Ecologies of Comparison: An Ethnography of Endangerment in Hong Kong. Durham, North Carolina: Duke University Press, 2011.

Cowan, Ruth Schwartz. 1983. More Work for Mother: The Ironies of Household Technology from the Open Hearth to the Microwave. New York: Basic Books.

Dufourmantelle, Anne and Jacques Derrida. 2000. On Hospitality. Translated by Rachel Bowlby. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. https://www.sup.org/books/title/?id=633.

Goh, Daniel P. S., and Terence Chong. 2022. “Chinese Privilege’ as Shortcut in Singapore: A Rejoinder,” Asian Ethnicity 23(3): 630–35.

https://doi.org/10.1080/14631369.2020.1869519.

Govtech Singapore. 2020. “Navigating a Post Circuit Breaker Singapore with Data Driven Tech.” Accessed October 1, 2024.

https://www.tech.gov.sg/media/technews/navigating-a-post-circuit-breaker-sg/.

Guest, Peter. 2021. “Singapore’s Tech-Utopia Dream is Turning into a Surveillance State Nightmare.” Rest of the World, November 16, 2021.

https://restofworld.org/2021/singapores-tech-utopia-dream-is-turning-into-a-surveillance-state-nightmare/.

Haines, Monamie Bhadra, and Hallam Stevens. 2020a. “Governed by Tech: Citizens and the Making of the Smart Nation.” AcademiaSG, October 14, 2020.

https://www.academia.sg/academic-views/governed-by-tech-citizens-and-the-making-of-the-smart-nation/.

⸻. 2020b. “Does Singapore Need Mandatory Contact Tracing Apps?” AcademiaSG, May 18, 2020.

https://www.academia.sg/academic-views/does-singapore-need-mandatory-contact-tracing-apps/.

Haines, Monamie, B., and Laavanya Kathiravelu. 2020. “Singapore’s Surveillance Experiments on Low-Wage Migrant Worker Dormitories: Implications for Singapore and Other Nations.” Social Science Research Council (SSRC), Fall 2020. Accessed September 18, 2024.

https://www.ssrc.org/grantees/singapores-surveillance-experiments-on-low-wage-migrant-worker-dormitories-implications-for-singapore-and-other-nations/.

Han, Kirsten. 2021a. “Surveillance in the Name of Covid-19.” Rest of the World, January 5, 2021.

https://restofworld.org/2021/trace-together-forever/.

⸻. 2021b. “We Have Racist Spectacles, but Where is the National Reckoning?” We, the Citizens June 12, 2021.

https://www.wethecitizens.net/racism-when-will-singapore-emerge-from-denial/.

Haraway, Donna. 1988. “Situated Knowledges: The Science Question in Feminism and the Privilege of Partial Perspective.” Feminist Studies 14(3): 575–99.

https://doi.org/10.2307/3178066.

⸻. 2016. Staying with the Trouble: Making Kin in the Chthulucene. Durham, North Carolina: Duke University Press.

Housing & Development Board (HDB). n.d. “HDB Smart Enabled Home.” Accessed September 18, 2024. https://www.hdb.gov.sg/about-us/our-role/smart-and-sustainable-living/smart-hdb-town-page/hdb-smart-home-exhibition.

Huat, Chua Beng. 2003. “Multiculturalism in Singapore: An Instrument of Social Control.” Race & Class 44(3): 58–77.

https://doi.org/10.1177/0306396803044003025.

Ibrahim, Nur Amali. 2018. “Everyday Authoritarianism: A Political Anthropology of Singapore.” Critical Asian Studies 50(2): 219–31.

https://doi.org/10.1080/14672715.2018.1445538.

Jie, Pan. 2020. “The Myth of The Filthy Migrant.” Rice Media, April 12, 2020.

https://www.ricemedia.co/current-affairs-features-the-myth-of-the-filthy-migrant/.

Koch, Natalie, and Vora, Neha. 2019. “Laboratories of Liberalism: American Higher Education in the Arabian Peninsula and the Discursive Production of Authoritarianism.” Minerva 57(4): 549–64. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11024-019-09382-5.

Kothari, Ashish, Ariel Salleh, Arturo Escobar, Federico Demaria, et al., eds. 2019. Pluriverse: A Post-Development Dictionary. New York: Columbia University Press.

Li, Shiwan. 2020. “Communication Station: Do Not Make Unnecessary Accusations During the Epidemic.” Lianhe Zaobao. April 13, 2020.

https://www.zaobao.com.sg/zopinions/talk/story20200413-1045089.

Lim, Eng-Beng. 2009. “Performing the Global University.” Social Text 27(4): 25–44.

https://doi.org/10.1215/01642472-2009-053.

Liboiron, Max. 2021. Pollution is Colonialism. Durham, North Carolina: Duke University Press.

https://www.dukeupress.edu/pollution-is-colonialism.

Mills, David, and Natasha Robinson. 2021. “Democratising Monograph Publishing or Preying on Researchers? Scholarly Recognition and Global ‘Credibility Economies.’” Science as Culture 31(2): 187–211.

https://doi.org/10.1080/09505431.2021.2005562.

Moody, Chris. 2016. “Bernie Sanders’ American Dream is in Denmark.” CNN Politics. Last modified February 17, 2016.

https://edition.cnn.com/2016/02/17/politics/bernie-sanders-2016-denmark-democratic-socialism/index.html.

Mormina, Maru, and Romina Istratii. 2021. “‘Capacity for What? Capacity for Whom?’ A Decolonial Deconstruction of Research Capacity Development Practices in the Global South and a Proposal for a Value-Centred Approach.” Version 1 (awaiting peer review). Modified October 5, 2021. Wellcome Open Research 6: 129.

https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3827371.

Olds, Kris. 2007. “Global Assemblage: Singapore, Foreign Universities, and the Construction of a ‘Global Education Hub.’” World Development 35(6): 959–75.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2006.05.014.

Olsson, Göran, dir. 2011. The Black Power Mixtape 1967-1975. Sweden: Sundance Selects, September 9, 2011. Documentary film, 92 min.

Parreñas, Juno. 2018. Decolonizing Extinction: The Work of Care in Orangutan Rehabilitation. Durham, North Carolina: Duke University Press.

Parthasarathy, Shobita, and Jack Stilgoe. 2020. The Received Wisdom Podcast. Episode 6, “COVID Knowledge, Technology, and Politics: Dispatches from Around the World.” April 20, 2020. Podcast, 1:07:23.

https://shobitap.org/the-received-wisdom/2020/4/19/episode-6-covid-knowledge-technology-and-politics-dispatches-from-around-the-world.

Paynter, Eleanor, host. 2021. Migrations: A World on the Move. Season 1, episode 4, “Surveillance.” Cornell Migrations Program, May 13, 2021. Podcast, 45 min., 41 sec.

https://shows.acast.com/migrations-a-world-on-the-move/episodes/65fdb2a9c33959001686906b.

Prasad, Amit, and Warwick Anderson. 2017. “‘Things Do Look Different from Here, on the Borderlands’: An Interview with Warwick Anderson.” Science, Technology and Society 22(1): 135–43. https://doi.org/10.1177/0971721816682864.

Puar, Jasbir. 2007. Terrorist Assemblages: Homonationalism in Queer Times. Durham NC: Duke University Press.

Rajgopal, Shoba Sharad. 2021. “Dalit/Black Solidarity: Comrades in the Struggle for Racial/Caste Justice.” South Asian Popular Culture 19(1): 81–86.

https://doi.org/10.1080/14746689.2021.1884176.

Roy, Deboleena. 2018. Molecular Feminisms: Biology, Becomings, and Life in the Lab. Seattle: University of Washington Press.

https://uwapress.uw.edu/book/9780295744100/molecular-feminisms/.

Sa’at, Alfian. 2020. “A couple of weeks ago, I wrote about how I liked this year's NDP song. Some commenters wrote on my wall to disagree. . .” Facebook. August 10, 2020.

https://www.facebook.com/alfiansaat/posts/10157720294832371.

Smart Nation Singapore. n.d. “Smart Nation Singapore.” Accessed October 1, 2024.

https://www.smartnation.gov.sg/.

Slater, Andrea M. 2014. “W. E. B. Du Bois’ Transationalism: Building a Collective Identity Amoung the American Negro and the Asian Indian.” Phylon 51(1): 145–57.

http://www.jstor.org/stable/43199127.

Smart Nation Singapore. n.d. “Smart Nation Singapore.” Accessed October 1, 2024.

https://www.smartnation.gov.sg/.

Haines, Monamie, B., and Laavanya Kathiravelu. 2020. “Singapore’s Surveillance Experiments on Low-Wage Migrant Worker Dormitories: Implications for Singapore and Other Nations.” Social Science Research Council (SSRC), Fall 2020. Accessed September 18, 2024.

https://www.ssrc.org/grantees/singapores-surveillance-experiments-on-low-wage-migrant-worker-dormitories-implications-for-singapore-and-other-nations/.

Stevens, Hallam, and Monamie Bhadra Haines. 2020a. “TraceTogether: Pandemic Response, Democracy, and Technology.” East Asian Science, Technology and Society: An International Journal 14(3): 523-32.

https://doi.org/10.1215/18752160-8698301.

⸻. 2020b. “Wearables and Privacy” AcademiaSg, May 18, 2020.

https://www.academia.sg/academic-views/wearables-and-privacy/.

Tan, Guan Zhen. 2017. “Today Article on Diabetes Targets Malay & Indian Eating Habits, S’poreans Call it out as Racist.” Mothership, August 28, 2017.

https://mothership.sg/2017/08/today-article-on-diabetes-targets-malay-indian-eating-habits-sporeans-call-it-out-as-racist/.

Thum, Ping Tjin. 2020. “TraceTogether and the Societal Impact of Citizen Science.” May 24, 2020. Podcast, 43 min., 6 sec.

https://newnaratif.com/tracetogether-and-the-societal-impact-of-citizen-science/.

Valentine, Gill, Deborah Sporton, and Katrine Bang Nielsen. 2009. “Identities and Belonging: A Study of Somali Refugee and Asylum Seekers Living in the UK and Denmark.” Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 27(2): 234–50.

https://doi.org/10.1068/d3407.

Wu, Ivan K. 2021. “The Consequences of Singapore’s Snitching Culture.” Rice Media, January 1, 2021.

https://www.ricemedia.co/current-affairs-commentary-how-covid-19-revived-singapore-snitching-consequences/.

Yeoh, Grace. 2019. “In Singapore, Modern Slavery Happens Every Day. And We are All Responsible.” Rice Media, April 15, 2019.

https://www.ricemedia.co/current-affairs-commentary-singapore-foreign-workers-modern-slavery-responsible/.

York, Emily, and Shannon N. Conley. 2024. “STS and Critical Pedagogies: Provocations from an NSF-funded workshop.” Engaging Science, Technology and Society 10(1–2): 103–133.

https://doi.org/10.17351/ests2023.1927.

Zainal, Humairah, and Walid Jumblatt Abdullah. 2021. “Chinese Privilege in Politics: A Case Study of Singapore’s Ruling Elites.” Asian Ethnicity 22(3): 481–97.

https://doi.org/10.1080/14631369.2019.1706153.

Published
01 Dec 2024
Section
Thematic Collection: Pedagogical Intersections